En préparation
Sénécal, D., Saumure, C., Fiset, D., Plouffe-Demers, M-P., Gosselin, F., Njomo-Ngassa, P.B., & Blais, C. (en préparation). The Under-Detection of Pain in Black Faces Reflects a Conservative Response Bias, Not Perceptual Sensitivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
Lamontagne, J., Ledrou-Paquet, V., Charbonneau, I., Proulx, A., Duncan. J., Blais, C., Fiset, D. (en préparation). Face Recognition Unfolded: Visual Triggers from Early Categorization to Face Memory. Cortex.
Fiset, D., Duncan, J., Blais, C., Galinier, C., Brisson, B., & Caldara, R. (en préparation). Attention shapes the other-race effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
Gingras, F., Cousineau, A., Desaulniers, A., Gosselin, F., Fiset, D., & Blais, C. (en préparation). SFO Bubbles: Measuring Combined Spatial Frequency & Orientation Tunings for Face Processing in Laboratory and Online samples. Vision Research.
Gingras, F., Blais, C., Fiset, D., Bouchard, S. (en rédaction). Deepfakes Blurring the Lines Between Reality and Fiction? A Scoping Review of Human Ability to Detect AI-Generated Faces.
Jeanningros, A., Fiset, D., Baillot, A. & Blais, C. (en préparation). Quantifying altered emotion detection of joy, sadness and disgust on larger faces.
Guérette, J., Baillot, A., Jeanningros, A., Bouchard, S., Bernard, P., & Fiset, D. (en préparation). Physical activity in a virtual context of weight-related stigma affects emotion recognition performance in inactive women.
Demeule, C., Proulx, A., Charbonneau, I., Duncan, J., Blais, C., Fiset. D. (en préparation). Varying the diagnosticity of the eye region: Evidence that the N170 reflects both automatic and goal-directed processing. Neuropsychologia
Gingras, F., Richer, A., Cousineau, A., Duncan, J., Fiset, D., Gosselin, F., & Blais, C. (en rédaction). How Culture Influences Low-Level Vision: Comparing Spatial Frequency and Orientation Tunings Across Eight Cultural Clusters.
Gingras, F., Cousineau, A., Fiset, D., Blais, C., Gosselin, F. (en rédaction). Measuring Screen Gamma and Correcting Visual Stimuli for Online Psychophysical Testing.
Audette, P.-L., Blais, C. Proulx, A., Duncan, J., & Fiset, D. (en préparation). How identity information shapes face perception : Timing and integration in the human brain.
Proulx, A., Charbonneau, I., Blais, C., Duncan, J., Ledrou-Paquet, V., & Fiset, D. (en preparation). From Eye Sensitivity to Face Memory: Tracking Individual Differences in Brain Responses. Nature Human Behavior.
Fiset, D., Dugas, G., Royer, J., & Blais, C. (en préparation). The impact of facial expression of emotions on the utilization of visual features in face identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance.
Cousineau, A., Estephan, A. Fiset, D., Caldara, R., Charbonneau, C.+, & Blais, C. (en préparation). Myopia does not explain cultural differences in visual attention.
Soumis
Pelland-Goulet, P., Fiset, D., Tardif, J., Desjardins, M-C. & Blais, C. (soumis). Individual differences in the visual strategies underlying facial expression recognition.
Desjardins, M-C., Fiset, D., Sénécal, D., Tremblay, S., & Blais, C. (en révision). Uncovering the link between empathic resources and the perceptual evaluation of pain facial expressions, a High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation study.
St-Pierre, É., Dicaire, N., Bérubé, A., & Blais, C. (soumis) Parent and child emotion recognition influences the relationship between childhood maltreatment and dyadic sensitivity: A moderated-moderation analysis.
Cousineau, A., Gingras, F., Désaulniers, É., Fiset, D., & Blais, C. (soumis). The Impact of Culture on the Processing of Spatial Frequencies during Recognition of Homogenous Objects.
Thorul, S.K., Côté-Lussier, C., Blais, C., Fiset, D., & Boutet, I. (soumis). I see your pain, but I don’t want to help you: How observers evaluate and react to the pain of individuals framed as violent criminals.
2026
Côté, L., Lamontagne, J., Bellerose, A., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2026). The Eyes Are Central to Face Detection: Revisiting the Foundations of Face Processing. Vision Research, 243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2026.108785
Gingras, F., Fiset, D., Plouffe-Demers, M-P., Estéphan, A., N’Guiamba, M., Dan, S, Zhang, Y., & Blais, C. (2026). Cultural Differences in Spatial Frequency Use do not Generalize to Non-Homogeneous Scenes and Object Stimuli. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 33(21). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-025-02832-0
Ledrou-Paquet, V., Fiset, D., Carré, M., Guérette, J., & Blais, C. (2026). The facial information underlying economic decision-making. Perception. https://doi.org/10.1177/03010066251387848
Zhang, Y., Luo, F., Liang, W., Blais, C., Plouffe Demers, M.-P., Fiset, D., Sun, D., & Chen, B. (2025). Stroke Features in the Chinese character Recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251357441
2025
Blais, C., Fiset, D., Côté, L., Ledrou-Paquet, V., & Charbonneau, I. (2025). Conducting online visual psychophysics experiments: A replication assessment of two face processing studies. Vision Research, 233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2025.108617
Charbonneau, I., Duncan, J., Blais, C., Guérette, J., Plouffe-Demers, M-P., Smith, F., & Fiset, D. (2025). Facial expression categorisation predominantly relies on mid spatial frequencies. Vision Research, 231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2025.108611
Richer, A., Gingras, F., Fiset, D., Plouffe-Demers, M-P., & Blais, C. (2025). Is it pain, anger, disgust, or sadness? Individual differences in expectations of pain facial expressions. Emotion, 25(7), 1750–1763. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001516
Roberge, A., Duncan, J., Fiset, D., & Brisson, B. (2025). EEG assessment of the impact of race and implicit racial bias on facial expression processing. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaf024
Audette, P-L., Côté, L., Blais, C., Duncan, J., Gingras, F., & Fiset, D. (2025). Part-Based Processing, but not Holistic Processing, Predicts Individual Differences in Face Recognition Abilities. Cognition, 256, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106057
2024
Lévesque-Lacasse, A., Desjardins, M. C., Fiset, D., Charbonneau, C., Cormier, S., & Blais, C. (2024). The Relationship Between the Ability to Infer Another’s Pain and the Expectations Regarding the Appearance of Pain Facial Expressions: Investigation of the Role of Visual Perception. The Journal of Pain, 25(1), 250-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.08.007
Guérette, J., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2024). Verbal aggressions against Major League Baseball umpires affect their decision making. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976241227411 Psychological Science, 35(3), 288-303. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976241227411
Pétrin, R., Bérubé, A., St-Pierre, É., & Blais, C. (2024). Maternal childhood emotional abuse increases cardiovascular responses to children’s emotional facial expressions. PLoS one, 19(5), 250-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.08.007
Blais, C., Fiset, D., Gingras, F., Plouffe-Demers, M. P., & Charbonneau, I. (2024). Diversity in Visual Perception: How Cultural Variability in Face Processing Can Inform Policymakers. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322241269039
Cousineau, D., Proulx, A., Potvin-Pilon, A., & Fiset, D. (2024). Local decorrelation for error bars in time series. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 20(2), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.20.2.p173.
2023
Léveillé, E., Desjardins, M., Dumel, G., Blais, C., Saint-Amour, D., Scherzer, P., & De Beaumont, L. (2023). Effects of emotion and emotional ambiguity on early visual event-related potentials. Emotion, 23(3), 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001119
Gingras, F., Estéphan, A., Fiset, D., Lingnan, He., Caldara, R., & Blais, C. (2023). Differences in eye movements for face recognition between Canadian and Chinese participants are not modulated by social orientation. PLoS ONE, 18(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295256
Saumure, C., Plouffe-Demers, M-P., Fiset, D., Cormier, S., Zhang, Y., Dan, S., Feifan, L., Kunz, M., & Blais, C. (2023). Differences between east asians and westerners in the mental representations and visual information extraction involved in the decoding of pain facial expressions intensity. Affective Science, , 4(2), 332–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-023-00186-1
Gingras, F., Fiset, D., Plouffe-Demers, M-P., Deschênes, A., Cormier, S., Forget, H., & Blais, C. (2023). Pain in the Eye of the Beholder: Variations in Pain Visual Representations As a Function of Face Ethnicity and Culture. British Journal of Psychology, (114)3, 621-637. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12641
2022
Boutet, I., Goulet-Pelletier, J-C.; Maslouhi, S., Fiset, D., & Blais, C. (2022). Criminality Labeling and Trait Empathy Influence Reactions to Others’ Pain. Heliyon, 8 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12068
Plouffe-Demers, M.-P., Saumure, C., Fiset, D., Cormier, S., & Blais, C. (2022). Facial Expression of Pain: Sex Differences in the Discrimination of Varying Intensities. Emotion, 23(5), 1254–1266. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001156
2021
Bouchard, S., Berthiaume, M., Robillard, G., Forget, H., Daudelin-Peltier, C., Renaud, P., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2021). Arguing in Favor of Revising the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire Factor Structure When Assessing Side Effects Induced by Immersions in Virtual Reality. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.739742
Guérette, J., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2021). The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees. PLoS ONE, 6(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256568
Bérubé, A., Turgeon, J., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2021). Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211029403
Charbonneau, I., Guérette, J., Cormier, S., Blais, C., Lalonde-Beaudoin, G., Smith, F., & Fiset, D. (2021). The role of spatial frequencies in the perception of the facial expression of pain. Scientific Reports, 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93776-7
Pauzé, A., Plouffe-Demers, M-P.., Fiset, D., Saint-Amour, D., Cyr, C., & Blais, C. (2021). The Relationship Between Orthorexia Nervosa Symptomatology and Components of Body Image Disturbance: Investigating Explicit and Implicit Attitudes and Perceptions. Scientific Reports, 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92569-2
Blais, C., Linnell, K., Caparos, S., & Estephan, A. (2021). Cultural differences in face recognition and potential underlying mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627026
Duncan, J., Roberge, A., Fortier-Gauthier, Fiset, D., Blais, C., & Brisson, B. (2021). Dual task interference on early perceptual processing. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics,83, 1777-1795. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02158-0
2020
Turgeon, J., Bérubé, A., Blais, C., Lemieux, A., & Fournier, A. (2020). Recognition of children’s emotional facial expressions among mothers reporting a history of childhood maltreatment. PloS one, 15(12), e0243083. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243083 [PDF] [HTML]
Charbonneau, I., Robinson, K., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2020). Implicit race attitudes modulate visual information extraction for trustworthiness judgments. PLoS ONE 15(9): e0239305. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239305. [PDF] [HTML]
Bérubé, A., Blais, C., Fournier, A., Turgeon, J., Forget, H., Coutu, S., & Dubeau, D. (2020). Childhood maltreatment moderates the relationship between emotion recognition and maternal sensitive behaviors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 102, 104432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104432. [PDF]
2019
Roberge, A., Duncan, J., Fiset, D., & Brisson, B. (2019). Dual-task interference on early and late stages of facial emotion detection is revealed by human electrophysiology. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.13:391. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00391. [PDF] [HTML]
Duncan, J., Royer, J., Dugas, G., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2019). Revisiting the link between horizontal tuning and face processing ability with independent measures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 45(11), 1429-1435. [PDF][SUPP]
Duncan, J., Brisson, B., Dugas, G., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2019). Dual-task interference on visual strategies in facial expression perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 45(10), 1319-1330. [PDF]
Plouffe-Demers, M.P., Fiset, D., Saumure, C., Duncan, J., & Blais, C. (2019). Strategy Shift Towards Lower Spatial Frequencies in the Recognition of Dynamic Facial Expressions of Basic Emotions: When it Moves it’s Different. Frontiers in Psychology, 10:1563. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01563. [PDF]
Blais, C., Fiset, D., Furumoto-Deshaies, H., Kunz, M., Seuss, D., & Cormier, S. (2019). Facial features underlying the decoding of pain expressions. Journal of Pain, 20(6), 728-738. [PDF]
Tardif, J., Morin-Duchesne, X., Cohan, S., Royer, J., Blais, C., Fiset, D., Duchaine, B., & Gosselin, F. (2019). Use of face information varies systematically from developmental prosopagnosics to super-recognizers. Psychological Science, 30(2), 300-308. [PDF]
2018
Royer, J., Blais, C., Charbonneau, I., Déry K., Tardif, J., Duchaine, B., Gosselin, F., & Fiset, D. (2018). Greater reliance on the eye region predicts better face recognition ability. Cognition, 121- 12-20. [PDF] [HTML]
Saumure, C., Plouffe-Demers, M-P., Estéphan, A., Fiset, D., & Blais, C. (2018). The use of visual information in the recognition of posed and spontaneous facial expressions. Journal of Vision, 18(21), 1-15. [PDF] [HTML]
Estéphan, A., Fiset, D., Saumure, C., Plouffe-Demers, M-P., Zhang, Y. Sun, D., & Blais, C. (2018). Measuring the time course of spatial frequency use across cultures. Scientific Reports, 8, 1816, DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-19971-1. [PDF] [HTML] [SUPP]
2017
Duncan, J., Gosselin, F., Cobarro, C., Dugas, G., Blais, C., & Fiset, D. (2017). Orientations for the successful categorization of facial expressions and their link with facial features. Journal of Vision, 17(14):7, 1–16 [PDF] [HTML] [GIF]
Caplette, L., McCabe, E., Blais, C. & Gosselin, F. (2017). Categorization of objects, scenes, and faces through time. In C. Lefebvre & H. Cohen (Eds.) Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science: Second Edition. 905-930. [PDF]
Blais, C., Fiset, D., Roy, C., Saumure Régimbald, C. & Gosselin, F. (2017). Eye Fixation Patterns for Categorizing Static and Dynamic Facial Expressions. Emotion. 17(7), 1107-1119. [PDF] [SUPP]
Fiset, D., Blais, C., Royer, J., Richoz, A.R., Dugas, G., & Caldara, R. (2017). Mapping the impairment in decoding static facial expression of emotions in prosopagnosia. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(8), 1334-1341. [HTML] [PDF]
Daudelin-Peltier, C., Forget, H., Blais, C., Deschênes, A., & Fiset, D. (2017). The effect of acute social stress on facial expression recognition of emotions. Scientific Reports, 7, 1036, DOI:10.1038. [HTML] [PDF]
Royer, J., Willenbockel, V., Gosselin, F., Blais, C., Leclerc, J., Lafortune, S., & Fiset, D. (2017). The influence of natural contour and face size on the spatial frequency tuning for identifying upright and inverted faces. Psychological Research, 81, 13-23. [PDF]
Tardif, J., Fiset, D., Zhang, Ye, Estéphan, A., Cai, Q, Dan, S., Canhuang, L., Gosselin, F., & Blais, C. (2017). Culture shapes spatial frequency tuning in face identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 43(2), 294-306. [PDF]
2016
Léveillé, E., Guay, S., Blais, C., Scherzer, P., & De Beaumont, L. (2016). Sex-related differences in emotion recognition in multi-concussed athletes. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 22, 1-13. [PDF]
Royer, J., Blais, C., Barnabé Lortie, V., Carré, M., Leclerc, J., & Fiset, D. (2016). Efficient Visual information for Unfamiliar Face Matching Despite Viewpoint Variations: It’s Not in the Eyes!. Vision Research, 123, 33-40. [PDF]
2015
Cho, S., Wilmer, J., Herzmann, G., McGugin, R., Fiset, D., Van Gulick, A., Ryan, K., & Gauthier, I. (2015). Item Response Theory Analyses of the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). Psychological Assessment, 27(2), 552–566. [PDF]
Roy, C., Blais, C., Fiset, D., Rainville, P., & Gosselin, F. (2015). Efficient information for recognizing pain in facial expressions. European Journal of Pain, 19(6), 852-860. [PDF]
Royer, J., Blais, C., Gosselin, F., Duncan, J., & Fiset, D. (2015). When less is more: Impact of face processing ability on recognition of visually degraded faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41(5), 1179-1183. [PDF] [SUPP]
2014
Dupuis-Roy, N., Fiset, D., Dufresne, K., Caplette, L., & Gosselin, F. (2014). Real-world interattribute distances lead to inefficient face gender categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 40(4), 1289-1294. [PDF]
Duchesne, X. M., Gosselin, F., Fiset, D., & Dupuis-Roy, N. (2014). Paper features: A neglected source of information for letter recognition. Journal of vision, 14(13):11, 1-7. [HTML] [PDF]
Robinson, K., Blais, C., Duncan, J., Forget, H., & Fiset, D. (2014). The dual nature of the human face: There is a little of Jekyll and a little of Hyde in all of us. Frontiers in Psychology, 139-145. [PDF]
2013
Blais, C., Arguin, M., & Gosselin, F. (2013). Human visual processing oscillates: evidence from a classification image technique. Cognition, 128(3), 353-362. [PDF]
Roy, C., Fiset, D., Taschereau-Dumouchel, V., Gosselin, F., & Rainville, P. (2013). A refined examination of the facial cues contributing to vicarious effects on self-pain and spinal responses. The Journal of Pain, 14(11), 1475-1484. [PDF]
Tadros, K., Dupuis-Roy, N., Fiset, D., Arguin, M., & Gosselin, F. (2013). Reading laterally: the cerebral hemispheric use of spatial frequencies in visual word recognition. Journal of vision, 13(1):4, 1-12. [PDF]
2012
Blais, C., Roy, C., Fiset, D., Arguin, M., & Gosselin, F. (2012). The eyes are not the window to basic emotions. Neuropsychologia, 50(12), 2830-2838. [PDF]
Fiset, D., & Bub, D. (2012). Alexia and Agraphia. In Ramachandran, V.S. (Ed). Encyclopedia of Human Behaviour, 2nd Edition. Elsevier. [PDF]
2011
Willenbockel, V., Fiset, D., & Tanaka, J (2011). Relative influences of lightness and facial morphology on perceived race. Perception, 40(5), 621-624. [PDF]
2010
Butler, S., Blais, C., Gosselin, F., Bub, D., & Fiset, D. (2010). Recognizing famous faces. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics, 72(6), 1444-1449. [PDF]
Rodger, H., Kelly, D. J., Blais, C., & Caldara, R. (2010). Inverting faces does not abolish cultural diversity in eye movements. Perception, 39(11), 1491-1503. [PDF]
Willenbockel, V., Fiset, D., Chauvin, A., Blais, C., Arguin, M., Tanaka, J., Bub, D.N., & Gosselin, F. (2010). Does Face Inversion Change Spatial Frequency Tuning? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36(1), 122-135. [PDF]
Willenbockel, V., Sadr, J., Fiset, D., Horne, G., Gosselin, F. & Tanaka, J. (2010). Controlling low-level image properties: The SHINE toolbox. Behavior Research Methods, 42(3), 671-684. [PDF]
2009
Blais, C., Arguin, M., & Marleau, I. (2009). Orientation invariance in visual shape perception. Journal of Vision, 9(2):14, 1-23. [PDF]
Blais, C., Fiset, D., Arguin, M., Jolicoeur, P., Bub, D., & Gosselin, F. (2009). Reading between eye saccades. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6048. [HTML] [PDF]
Dupuis-Roy, N., Fortin, I., Fiset, D., & Gosselin, F. (2009). Uncovering gender discrimination cues in a realistic setting. Journal of Vision, 9(2):10, 1-8. [PDF]
Fiset, D., Blais, C., Arguin, M., Tadros, K., Éthier-Majcher, C., Bub, D., & Gosselin, F. (2009). The spatio-temporal dynamics of visual letter recognition. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 26(1), 23-35. [PDF]
Jack, R. E., Blais, C., Scheepers, C., Schyns, P. G., & Caldara, R. (2009). Cultural confusions show that facial expressions are not universal. Current Biology, 19(18), 1543-1548. [PDF]
Warren, C.M., Breuer, A.T., Kantner, J., Fiset, D., Blais, C., & Masson, M.E.J. (2009). Target-Distractor Interference in the Attentional Blink Implicates the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 16(6), 1106-1111. [PDF]
Fiset, D. & Gosselin, F. (2009). L’information visuelle efficace pour la reconnaissance des visages. In Barbeau, E., Jouvert, S., & Felician, O (Eds.). Traitement et reconnaissance des visages: du percept à la personne, (pp. 143-164). Paris: Solal.
2008
Fiset, D., Blais, C., Éthier-Majcher, C., Arguin, M., Bub, D., & Gosselin, F. (2008). Features for identification of uppercase and lowercase letters. Psychological Science, 19(11), 1161-1168. [PDF]
Blais, C., Jack, R.E., Scheepers, C., Fiset, D., & Caldara, R. (2008). Culture shapes how we look at faces. PLoS ONE 3(8): e3022. [HTML] [PDF]
2006
Fiset, D., Arguin, M. & McCabe, E. (2006). The breakdown of parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter dyslexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 23(2), 240-260 [PDF]
Fiset, S., Arguin, M., & Fiset, D. (2006). An attempt to simulate letter-by-letter dyslexia in normal readers. Brain and Language, 98(3), 251-263. [PDF]
Fiset, D., Gosselin, F., Blais, C., & Arguin, M. (2006). Inducing letter-by-letter dyslexia in normal readers. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(9), 1466-1476. [PDF]
2005
Fiset, D., Arguin, M., Bub, D.N., Humphreys, G.W. & Riddoch, J. (2005). How to make the word length effect disappear in letter-by-letter dyslexia: Implications for an account of the disorder. Psychological Science, 16(7), 535-541. [PDF]
2002
Fiset, D. & Arguin, M. (2002). Modélisation connexionniste de la lecture et des dyslexies acquises. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 23(2), 181-205. [PDF]